Physical geography focuses on geography as a form of earth science. Physical geography is the spatial study of natural phenomena that make up the environment, such as rivers, mountains, landforms, weather, climate, soils, plants, and any other physical aspects of the earth’s surface. These two main areas are similar in that they both use a spatial perspective, and they both include the study of place and the comparison of one place with another.
The discipline of geography can be broken down into two main areas of focus: physical geography and human geography. Around the same time, many ancient cultures in China, southern Asia, Polynesia, and the Arabian Peninsula also developed maps and navigation systems used in geography and cartography. Additionally, he created one of the first maps of the world based on the available knowledge of the time. He devised one of the first systems of longitude and latitude and calculated the earth’s circumference. The first known use of the word geography was by Eratosthenes of Cyrene (modern-day Libya in North Africa), an early Greek scholar who lived between 276 and 194 BCE.
Geographers also look at how the earth, its climate, and its landscapes are changing due to cultural intervention. Geography examines the spatial relationships between all physical and cultural phenomena in the world. Geographers study the earth’s physical characteristics, its inhabitants and cultures, phenomena such as climate, and the earth’s place within the universe. Geography is the spatial study of the earth’s surface (from the Greek geo, which means “Earth,” and graphein, which means “to write”).
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